Pseudomembrane Colitis

Introduction. 

Also referred to as Clostridium difficile-associated Disease (CDAD), pseudomembrane colitis is an inflammation of the intestinal tract caused by the toxins of Clostridium difficile. Toxin production damages the intestinal lining, causing a pseudomembrane to form over top of the lining. Malabsorption of nutrients and water result.

Summary

• Cause: Clostridium difficile
• Microscopy: Endosporing Gram-positive rod
• Symptoms: Watery diarrhea; severe colitis with pseudomembrane formation
• Transmission: Endogenous
• Pathogenesis: Overgrowth of C. difficile as a result of a change in the normal microbiota, usually after taking antibiotics that reduce the normal flora. Clostridia then produce exotoxins which attract white blood cells, stimulate cytokine release, produce inflammation and necrosis of intestinal tissue, and may cause hemorrhage.
• Treatment: Discontinue offending antibiotic; vancomycin and/or metronidazole to eliminate C. difficile

1. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1942.htm
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