Biologically important types of molecules
Basic chemical formula: (CH2O)n
1. Monosaccharides - glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose
2. Disaccharides - sucrose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose
3. Polysaccharides - starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
Basic chemical formula: H2N - HCR - COOH
1. Amino acids
2. Dipeptides - 2 amino acids joined by a peptide bond
3. Oligopeptides - short chains of amino acids
4. Proteins - chains of generally > 100 amino acids
1. Steroids - cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen
2. Fatty acids - linoleic acid
3. Triglycerides - glycerol + 3 fatty acids
4. Phospholipids - glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate
1. DNA - chains of nucleotides
2. RNA - ribose + phosphate + nitrogen base