Pseudomembrane Colitis
Introduction.
Also referred to as Clostridium difficile-associated Disease (CDAD),
pseudomembrane colitis is an inflammation of the intestinal tract caused by the
toxins of Clostridium difficile. Toxin production damages the intestinal
lining, causing a pseudomembrane to form over top of the lining. Malabsorption
of nutrients and water result.
Summary
- Cause: Clostridium difficile
- Microscopy: Endosporing Gram-positive rod
- Symptoms: Watery diarrhea; severe colitis with pseudomembrane
formation
- Transmission: Endogenous
- Pathogenesis: Overgrowth of C. difficile as a result of a change in
the normal microbiota, usually after taking antibiotics that reduce the
normal flora. Clostridia then produce exotoxins which attract white blood
cells, stimulate cytokine release, produce inflammation and necrosis of
intestinal tissue, and may cause hemorrhage.
- Treatment: Discontinue offending antibiotic; vancomycin and/or
metronidazole to eliminate C. difficile
- http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1942.htm
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