Plant Structure
-
Morphology of a Flowering Plant
- Stem: node, internode, axillary
bud, terminal bud
- Root: taproot, fibrous root, root hairs
- Leaf: blade, petiole, veins,
margin
-
Flower: sepal, petal, stamen, pistil
B. Special structures
Adventitious roots:
prop roots
Modified roots:
storage roots
Modified stems: Stolon, rhizome, tuber,
bulbs
Modified leaves: Tendrils, Spines, Poinsetta
leaves
D. Plant Anatomy
Ground Tissue
-
Parenchyma:
least specialized, most common; storage & photosynthesis
- Collenchyma:
flexible support
- Sclerenchyma:
strong support
2. Vascular Tissue
-
Xylem
- Tracheids
- Vessel elements
-
Phloem
- Sieve tube members
- Companion cells
3. Epidermal Tissue
- Roots -
root
hair
-
Stems
& leaves -
cuticle
4. Meristems
- Apical meristem
- Procambium
- Protoderm
- Ground meristem
- Vascular cambium
- Cork cambium
E. Differences between monocots
and dicots
Seed leaves
Root system
Leaf venation
Flower pattern
Stem, root anatomy
Epidermis: root hairs
Cortex: storage
Endodermis: water-proof layer
Pericycle: dividing tissue for lateral roots
Vascular tissue: star-shaped in dicots, circular in
monocots
Pith: in monocots
![](http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/monoxsroot.jpg)
G. Organization of
stems
Epidermis: with waxy cuticle & stomata
Cortex
Vascular bundles: scattered (monocots) or in ring pattern (dicots)
Pith
Epidermis with stomata
Palisade mesophyll (parenchyma)
Spongy mesophyll
Veins
- Bundle sheath (C4 plants)
- Phloem & Xylem
Vascular cambium
- secondary xylem
- secondary phloem
- Cork cambium
- cork
- phelloderm